# What is an NPU, and does your PC need one?

Explainer · AI PC hardware · 2 min read. By [David Wilson](https://testbenchlab.com/authors/david-wilson/). Updated 2026-10-02.

An NPU is a specialised processor for supported AI operations. It can handle selected local features efficiently, but it does not automatically run every chatbot. Buy for the application you need rather than the TOPS figure alone.

## What does an NPU do?

An NPU executes supported neural-network workloads through an appropriate runtime. Examples include selected audio, image and language features. The application decides which accelerator is used; a PC containing an NPU can still run a particular model entirely on its CPU or GPU.

## What do TOPS ratings mean?

TOPS expresses a theoretical operation rate at a specified numerical precision. It is not a universal measure of useful output. Workloads use different operations, memory patterns and software. Do not convert a TOPS ratio into an expected tokens-per-second ratio.

## What software actually uses the NPU?

Applications need explicit driver and runtime support. Windows AI features and compatible Ryzen AI tools provide examples. Check the current application documentation and active backend: installing a generic chatbot does not establish NPU use.

## Does an NPU help run local LLMs?

It can with supported models and software, including compatible Ryzen AI backends. Many local-model workflows use GPU acceleration instead. Prioritise memory, model support and practical fit before the headline NPU specification.

## Frequently asked questions

### What is an NPU used for?

Supported neural-network operations, including selected local audio, image and language features.

### How many TOPS do you need for Copilot+?

Microsoft’s published hardware class calls for a 40+ TOPS NPU, alongside other system requirements.

### Is an NPU better than a GPU for AI?

Neither is universally better. The supported model and application determine the useful accelerator.

## Related reading

- [NPU vs GPU: which runs AI better on a mini PC?](https://testbenchlab.com/guides/npu-vs-gpu/)
- [Ryzen AI 9 HX 470 vs HX 370: what changed?](https://testbenchlab.com/guides/ryzen-ai-9-hx-470-vs-hx-370/)
- [Run local LLMs on the Ryzen AI NPU with Lemonade Server](https://testbenchlab.com/guides/run-llms-on-ryzen-ai-npu-lemonade-server/)
- [AI mini PCs](https://testbenchlab.com/categories/ai-mini-pcs/)

## Sources

1. [AMD Ryzen AI 400 announcement and specifications](https://ir.amd.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/1270/amd-expands-ai-leadership-across-client-graphics-and-software-with-new-ryzen-ryzen-ai-and-amd-rocm-announcements-at-ces-2026)
2. [AMD Lemonade getting-started guide](https://developer.amd.com/playbooks/lemonade-getting-started/)
3. [Microsoft Copilot+ hardware requirements](https://www.microsoft.com/en-gb/windows/copilot-plus-pcs)